Describe immune responses to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and discuss recent advances towards development of a safe protective vaccine against HIV.

Safe and effective human immunodeficiency virus vaccinums offer the approximately hope of lemniscus the spread of human immunodeficiency virus distemper widely distri hardlyed. Although human immunodeficiency virus transmission is in theory mostly preventable, in practice, without the culture of an effective vaccine, human immunodeficiency virus allow for continue to infect millions throughout the world. The ideal vaccine for worldwide use will be inexpensive to manufacture, leave can nourishion against all subtypes of human immunodeficiency virus, require minimal if any boost, protect against all methods of spread of human immunodeficiency virus for years, and be easily administered, steadfast to heat, and widely accessible (Merigan et al., 1999). An understanding of the molecular and immunological mechanisms of human immunodeficiency virus patho genesis is necessary in the development of a sure-fire human immunodeficiency virus vaccine. Both humoral and cell-mediated immune responses specific for human immunodeficiency virus gene products have been identified. This essay describes immune responses to HIV and late(a) advances towards the development of a safe protective vaccine against HIV. HIV is a constituent of the lentivirus family of animal retroviruses which atomic number 18 capable of abundant term latent infection of cells and short term cytopathic personal effects (Abbas et al., 2003).

A HIV virion contains two identical strands of ribonucleic acid (RNA) and associated enzymes, including call on transcriptase, integrase, and protease, packaged deep down a core self -possessed of p24 capsid protein with a adj! oin p17 protein matrix, all surrounded by a phospholipid bilayer envelope derived from the swarm cell (Abbas et al., 2003). Virally encoded membrane proteins (gp41 and gp120) are bound to the envelope. Interaction of an HIV surface glycoprotein (gp 120) with CD4 is necessary but not sufficient for entryway (Letvin, 2002). Two major types of HIV have been identified as HIV-1 and HIV-2. HIV Infection begins when the envelope glycoprotein (Env) of a viral particle binds to twain CD4 and a coreceptor that is a member of the chemokine receptor family (Abbas et al., If you want to take out a full essay, order it on our website: BestEssayCheap.com

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